/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012 Andrew McGregor
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * Codel, the COntrolled DELay Queueing discipline
 * Based on ns2 simulation code presented by Kathie Nichols
 *
 * This port based on linux kernel code by
 * Authors: Dave Täht <d@taht.net>
 *          Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
 *
 * Ported to ns-3 by: Andrew McGregor <andrewmcgr@gmail.com>
 */

#include "codel-queue-disc.h"

#include "ns3/abort.h"
#include "ns3/drop-tail-queue.h"
#include "ns3/enum.h"
#include "ns3/log.h"
#include "ns3/object-factory.h"
#include "ns3/uinteger.h"

namespace ns3
{

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("CoDelQueueDisc");

/**
 * Performs a reciprocal divide, similar to the
 * Linux kernel reciprocal_divide function
 * \param A numerator
 * \param R reciprocal of the denominator B
 * \return the value of A/B
 */
/* borrowed from the linux kernel */
static inline uint32_t
ReciprocalDivide(uint32_t A, uint32_t R)
{
    return (uint32_t)(((uint64_t)A * R) >> 32);
}

/* end kernel borrowings */

/**
 * Returns the current time translated in CoDel time representation
 * \return the current time
 */
static uint32_t
CoDelGetTime()
{
    Time time = Simulator::Now();
    uint64_t ns = time.GetNanoSeconds();

    return static_cast<uint32_t>(ns >> CODEL_SHIFT);
}

NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(CoDelQueueDisc);

TypeId
CoDelQueueDisc::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid =
        TypeId("ns3::CoDelQueueDisc")
            .SetParent<QueueDisc>()
            .SetGroupName("TrafficControl")
            .AddConstructor<CoDelQueueDisc>()
            .AddAttribute("UseEcn",
                          "True to use ECN (packets are marked instead of being dropped)",
                          BooleanValue(false),
                          MakeBooleanAccessor(&CoDelQueueDisc::m_useEcn),
                          MakeBooleanChecker())
            .AddAttribute("UseL4s",
                          "True to use L4S (only ECT1 packets are marked at CE threshold)",
                          BooleanValue(false),
                          MakeBooleanAccessor(&CoDelQueueDisc::m_useL4s),
                          MakeBooleanChecker())
            .AddAttribute(
                "MaxSize",
                "The maximum number of packets/bytes accepted by this queue disc.",
                QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(QueueSizeUnit::BYTES, 1500 * DEFAULT_CODEL_LIMIT)),
                MakeQueueSizeAccessor(&QueueDisc::SetMaxSize, &QueueDisc::GetMaxSize),
                MakeQueueSizeChecker())
            .AddAttribute("MinBytes",
                          "The CoDel algorithm minbytes parameter.",
                          UintegerValue(1500),
                          MakeUintegerAccessor(&CoDelQueueDisc::m_minBytes),
                          MakeUintegerChecker<uint32_t>())
            .AddAttribute("Interval",
                          "The CoDel algorithm interval",
                          StringValue("100ms"),
                          MakeTimeAccessor(&CoDelQueueDisc::m_interval),
                          MakeTimeChecker())
            .AddAttribute("Target",
                          "The CoDel algorithm target queue delay",
                          StringValue("5ms"),
                          MakeTimeAccessor(&CoDelQueueDisc::m_target),
                          MakeTimeChecker())
            .AddAttribute("CeThreshold",
                          "The CoDel CE threshold for marking packets",
                          TimeValue(Time::Max()),
                          MakeTimeAccessor(&CoDelQueueDisc::m_ceThreshold),
                          MakeTimeChecker())
            .AddTraceSource("Count",
                            "CoDel count",
                            MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&CoDelQueueDisc::m_count),
                            "ns3::TracedValueCallback::Uint32")
            .AddTraceSource("LastCount",
                            "CoDel lastcount",
                            MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&CoDelQueueDisc::m_lastCount),
                            "ns3::TracedValueCallback::Uint32")
            .AddTraceSource("DropState",
                            "Dropping state",
                            MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&CoDelQueueDisc::m_dropping),
                            "ns3::TracedValueCallback::Bool")
            .AddTraceSource("DropNext",
                            "Time until next packet drop",
                            MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&CoDelQueueDisc::m_dropNext),
                            "ns3::TracedValueCallback::Uint32");

    return tid;
}

CoDelQueueDisc::CoDelQueueDisc()
    : QueueDisc(QueueDiscSizePolicy::SINGLE_INTERNAL_QUEUE),
      m_count(0),
      m_lastCount(0),
      m_dropping(false),
      m_recInvSqrt(~0U >> REC_INV_SQRT_SHIFT),
      m_firstAboveTime(0),
      m_dropNext(0)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
}

CoDelQueueDisc::~CoDelQueueDisc()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
}

uint16_t
CoDelQueueDisc::NewtonStep(uint16_t recInvSqrt, uint32_t count)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION_NOARGS();
    uint32_t invsqrt = ((uint32_t)recInvSqrt) << REC_INV_SQRT_SHIFT;
    uint32_t invsqrt2 = ((uint64_t)invsqrt * invsqrt) >> 32;
    uint64_t val = (3LL << 32) - ((uint64_t)count * invsqrt2);

    val >>= 2; /* avoid overflow */
    val = (val * invsqrt) >> (32 - 2 + 1);
    return static_cast<uint16_t>(val >> REC_INV_SQRT_SHIFT);
}

uint32_t
CoDelQueueDisc::ControlLaw(uint32_t t, uint32_t interval, uint32_t recInvSqrt)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION_NOARGS();
    return t + ReciprocalDivide(interval, recInvSqrt << REC_INV_SQRT_SHIFT);
}

bool
CoDelQueueDisc::DoEnqueue(Ptr<QueueDiscItem> item)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << item);

    if (GetCurrentSize() + item > GetMaxSize())
    {
        NS_LOG_LOGIC("Queue full -- dropping pkt");
        DropBeforeEnqueue(item, OVERLIMIT_DROP);
        return false;
    }

    bool retval = GetInternalQueue(0)->Enqueue(item);

    // If Queue::Enqueue fails, QueueDisc::DropBeforeEnqueue is called by the
    // internal queue because QueueDisc::AddInternalQueue sets the trace callback

    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Number packets " << GetInternalQueue(0)->GetNPackets());
    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Number bytes " << GetInternalQueue(0)->GetNBytes());

    return retval;
}

bool
CoDelQueueDisc::OkToDrop(Ptr<QueueDiscItem> item, uint32_t now)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
    bool okToDrop;

    if (!item)
    {
        m_firstAboveTime = 0;
        return false;
    }

    Time delta = Simulator::Now() - item->GetTimeStamp();
    NS_LOG_INFO("Sojourn time " << delta.As(Time::MS));
    uint32_t sojournTime = Time2CoDel(delta);

    if (CoDelTimeBefore(sojournTime, Time2CoDel(m_target)) ||
        GetInternalQueue(0)->GetNBytes() < m_minBytes)
    {
        // went below so we'll stay below for at least q->interval
        NS_LOG_LOGIC("Sojourn time is below target or number of bytes in queue is less than "
                     "minBytes; packet should not be dropped");
        m_firstAboveTime = 0;
        return false;
    }
    okToDrop = false;
    if (m_firstAboveTime == 0)
    {
        /* just went above from below. If we stay above
         * for at least q->interval we'll say it's ok to drop
         */
        NS_LOG_LOGIC("Sojourn time has just gone above target from below, need to stay above for "
                     "at least q->interval before packet can be dropped. ");
        m_firstAboveTime = now + Time2CoDel(m_interval);
    }
    else if (CoDelTimeAfter(now, m_firstAboveTime))
    {
        NS_LOG_LOGIC("Sojourn time has been above target for at least q->interval; it's OK to "
                     "(possibly) drop packet.");
        okToDrop = true;
    }
    return okToDrop;
}

Ptr<QueueDiscItem>
CoDelQueueDisc::DoDequeue()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);

    Ptr<QueueDiscItem> item = GetInternalQueue(0)->Dequeue();
    if (!item)
    {
        // Leave dropping state when queue is empty
        m_dropping = false;
        NS_LOG_LOGIC("Queue empty");
        return nullptr;
    }
    uint32_t ldelay = Time2CoDel(Simulator::Now() - item->GetTimeStamp());
    if (item && m_useL4s)
    {
        uint8_t tosByte = 0;
        if (item->GetUint8Value(QueueItem::IP_DSFIELD, tosByte) &&
            (((tosByte & 0x3) == 1) || (tosByte & 0x3) == 3))
        {
            if ((tosByte & 0x3) == 1)
            {
                NS_LOG_DEBUG("ECT1 packet " << static_cast<uint16_t>(tosByte & 0x3));
            }
            else
            {
                NS_LOG_DEBUG("CE packet " << static_cast<uint16_t>(tosByte & 0x3));
            }

            if (CoDelTimeAfter(ldelay, Time2CoDel(m_ceThreshold)) &&
                Mark(item, CE_THRESHOLD_EXCEEDED_MARK))
            {
                NS_LOG_LOGIC("Marking due to CeThreshold " << m_ceThreshold.GetSeconds());
            }
            return item;
        }
    }

    uint32_t now = CoDelGetTime();

    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Popped " << item);
    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Number packets remaining " << GetInternalQueue(0)->GetNPackets());
    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Number bytes remaining " << GetInternalQueue(0)->GetNBytes());

    // Determine if item should be dropped
    bool okToDrop = OkToDrop(item, now);
    bool isMarked = false;

    if (m_dropping)
    { // In the dropping state (sojourn time has gone above target and hasn't come down yet)
        // Check if we can leave the dropping state or next drop should occur
        NS_LOG_LOGIC("In dropping state, check if it's OK to leave or next drop should occur");
        if (!okToDrop)
        {
            /* sojourn time fell below target - leave dropping state */
            NS_LOG_LOGIC("Sojourn time goes below target, it's OK to leave dropping state.");
            m_dropping = false;
        }
        else if (CoDelTimeAfterEq(now, m_dropNext))
        {
            while (m_dropping && CoDelTimeAfterEq(now, m_dropNext))
            {
                ++m_count;
                m_recInvSqrt = NewtonStep(m_recInvSqrt, m_count);
                // It's time for the next drop. Drop the current packet and
                // dequeue the next. The dequeue might take us out of dropping
                // state. If not, schedule the next drop.
                // A large amount of packets in queue might result in drop
                // rates so high that the next drop should happen now,
                // hence the while loop.
                if (m_useEcn && Mark(item, TARGET_EXCEEDED_MARK))
                {
                    isMarked = true;
                    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Sojourn time is still above target and it's time for next drop "
                                 "or mark; marking "
                                 << item);
                    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Running ControlLaw for input m_dropNext: " << (double)m_dropNext /
                                                                                    1000000);
                    m_dropNext = ControlLaw(now, Time2CoDel(m_interval), m_recInvSqrt);
                    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Scheduled next drop at " << (double)m_dropNext / 1000000);
                    goto end;
                }
                NS_LOG_LOGIC(
                    "Sojourn time is still above target and it's time for next drop; dropping "
                    << item);
                DropAfterDequeue(item, TARGET_EXCEEDED_DROP);

                item = GetInternalQueue(0)->Dequeue();

                if (item)
                {
                    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Popped " << item);
                    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Number packets remaining " << GetInternalQueue(0)->GetNPackets());
                    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Number bytes remaining " << GetInternalQueue(0)->GetNBytes());
                }

                if (!OkToDrop(item, now))
                {
                    /* leave dropping state */
                    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Leaving dropping state");
                    m_dropping = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    /* schedule the next drop */
                    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Running ControlLaw for input m_dropNext: " << (double)m_dropNext /
                                                                                    1000000);
                    m_dropNext = ControlLaw(m_dropNext, Time2CoDel(m_interval), m_recInvSqrt);
                    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Scheduled next drop at " << (double)m_dropNext / 1000000);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Not in the dropping state
        // Decide if we have to enter the dropping state and drop the first packet
        NS_LOG_LOGIC("Not in dropping state; decide if we have to enter the state and drop the "
                     "first packet");
        if (okToDrop)
        {
            if (m_useEcn && Mark(item, TARGET_EXCEEDED_MARK))
            {
                isMarked = true;
                NS_LOG_LOGIC("Sojourn time goes above target, marking the first packet "
                             << item << " and entering the dropping state");
            }
            else
            {
                // Drop the first packet and enter dropping state unless the queue is empty
                NS_LOG_LOGIC("Sojourn time goes above target, dropping the first packet "
                             << item << " and entering the dropping state");
                DropAfterDequeue(item, TARGET_EXCEEDED_DROP);
                item = GetInternalQueue(0)->Dequeue();
                if (item)
                {
                    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Popped " << item);
                    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Number packets remaining " << GetInternalQueue(0)->GetNPackets());
                    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Number bytes remaining " << GetInternalQueue(0)->GetNBytes());
                }
                OkToDrop(item, now);
            }
            m_dropping = true;
            /*
             * if min went above target close to when we last went below it
             * assume that the drop rate that controlled the queue on the
             * last cycle is a good starting point to control it now.
             */
            int delta = m_count - m_lastCount;
            if (delta > 1 && CoDelTimeBefore(now - m_dropNext, 16 * Time2CoDel(m_interval)))
            {
                m_count = delta;
                m_recInvSqrt = NewtonStep(m_recInvSqrt, m_count);
            }
            else
            {
                m_count = 1;
                m_recInvSqrt = ~0U >> REC_INV_SQRT_SHIFT;
            }
            m_lastCount = m_count;
            NS_LOG_LOGIC("Running ControlLaw for input now: " << (double)now);
            m_dropNext = ControlLaw(now, Time2CoDel(m_interval), m_recInvSqrt);
            NS_LOG_LOGIC("Scheduled next drop at " << (double)m_dropNext / 1000000 << " now "
                                                   << (double)now / 1000000);
        }
    }
end:
    ldelay = Time2CoDel(Simulator::Now() - item->GetTimeStamp());
    // In Linux, this branch of code is executed even if the packet has been marked
    // according to the target delay above. If the ns-3 code were to do the same here,
    // it would result in two counts of mark in the queue statistics. Therefore, we
    // use the isMarked flag to suppress a second attempt at marking.
    if (!isMarked && item && !m_useL4s && m_useEcn &&
        CoDelTimeAfter(ldelay, Time2CoDel(m_ceThreshold)) && Mark(item, CE_THRESHOLD_EXCEEDED_MARK))
    {
        NS_LOG_LOGIC("Marking due to CeThreshold " << m_ceThreshold.GetSeconds());
    }
    return item;
}

Time
CoDelQueueDisc::GetTarget()
{
    return m_target;
}

Time
CoDelQueueDisc::GetInterval()
{
    return m_interval;
}

uint32_t
CoDelQueueDisc::GetDropNext()
{
    return m_dropNext;
}

bool
CoDelQueueDisc::CoDelTimeAfter(uint32_t a, uint32_t b)
{
    return ((int64_t)(a) - (int64_t)(b) > 0);
}

bool
CoDelQueueDisc::CoDelTimeAfterEq(uint32_t a, uint32_t b)
{
    return ((int64_t)(a) - (int64_t)(b) >= 0);
}

bool
CoDelQueueDisc::CoDelTimeBefore(uint32_t a, uint32_t b)
{
    return ((int64_t)(a) - (int64_t)(b) < 0);
}

bool
CoDelQueueDisc::CoDelTimeBeforeEq(uint32_t a, uint32_t b)
{
    return ((int64_t)(a) - (int64_t)(b) <= 0);
}

uint32_t
CoDelQueueDisc::Time2CoDel(Time t)
{
    return static_cast<uint32_t>(t.GetNanoSeconds() >> CODEL_SHIFT);
}

bool
CoDelQueueDisc::CheckConfig()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
    if (GetNQueueDiscClasses() > 0)
    {
        NS_LOG_ERROR("CoDelQueueDisc cannot have classes");
        return false;
    }

    if (GetNPacketFilters() > 0)
    {
        NS_LOG_ERROR("CoDelQueueDisc cannot have packet filters");
        return false;
    }

    if (GetNInternalQueues() == 0)
    {
        // add a DropTail queue
        AddInternalQueue(
            CreateObjectWithAttributes<DropTailQueue<QueueDiscItem>>("MaxSize",
                                                                     QueueSizeValue(GetMaxSize())));
    }

    if (GetNInternalQueues() != 1)
    {
        NS_LOG_ERROR("CoDelQueueDisc needs 1 internal queue");
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

void
CoDelQueueDisc::InitializeParams()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
}

} // namespace ns3
